B2.2

determine, through investigation using technology, the roles of the parameters $a$, $k$, $d$, and $c$ in functions of the form $y=af(k(x-d))+c$, and describe these roles in terms of transformations on the graph of $f(x)=a^x$ $(a>0,a\ne 1)$ (i.e., translations; reflections in the axes; vertical and horizontal stretches and compressions to and from the x- and y-axes) Sample problem: Investigate the graph of $f(x)=3^{x-d}-5$ for various values of $d$, using technology, and describe the effects of changing $d$ in terms of a transformation.